Myopia, a global concern

Myopia is a common eye condition worldwide and prevalence among children has been increasing, studies in 2023 showed about 1 out of 3 children was myopic. It is important to note high myopia increases the risk of developing other serious eye conditions, therefore, efforts should be made to prevent or delay onset of myopia, and its progression.

One of the factors contributing to the myopia dilemma includes increased screen time and prolonged close-up activities - both for work and leisure - driven by ongoing technological advancements that have made digital devices so readily accessible and deeply integrated into our daily lives. Additionally, a general decrease in outdoor activities, coupled with the convenience of modern living, all of which has led to an increasing sedentary lifestyles.

While myopic patients have prescription glasses to help them see clearly, we should remember these are but a tool and not a cure.  As myopia is an irreversible condition, proactive steps should be taken to manage and control it, especially, its progression. First, include comprehensive eye examinations in your annual health routine, ensuring that your condition is being followed up on by an ophthalmologist. This is especially necessary for individuals with high myopia, which significantly increases the risk of developing serious eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment—some of which can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.

Myopia, aka nearsightedness or shortsightedness, is the most common type of refractive error worldwide. It occurs when the eyeball is elongated, causing light rays from distant objects to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This misalignment results in blurred vision. The greater the degree of myopia, the more pronounced the blurriness of distant objects. 

Myopia measuring -6.00 diopters or more is classified as high or pathological myopia. Alarmingly, it is projected that by 2050, nearly 5 billion people globally will be affected by myopia, with 1 billion at risk of vision impairment or blindness due to high myopia.

Key factors:

Prolonged near-work activities like excessive reading, computer/ digital screen use, and lack of outdoor time can increase the risk of developing high myopia.

Genetic factor:

Children are more likely to develop myopia if one or both parents are myopic.

Pseudo-myopia, also known as false nearsightedness, is a temporary visual condition caused by spasms of the eye's ciliary muscle. These spasms prevent the muscle from fully relaxing, leading to blurred distance vision—especially after extended periods of close-up work. Other contributing factors may include certain medical conditions, medications, or head trauma.

Unlike true myopia, which involves a permanent structural change in the shape of the eyeball, pseudo-myopia is typically reversible. Once the underlying cause is identified and addressed, normal vision usually returns.

• Manage your screen time
• Keep distance when using digital devices
• Sufficient light when reading
• Follow the 20-20-20 Rule
• Make time for exercise and outdoor
• Wear "100% UV protection" or "UV 400" sunglasses when out for outdoor activities
• Excessive eye use accelerates visual aging. Remember to rest your eyes adequately
• Regular eye check